Efficiency of Biomass Energy
The Efficiency of Biomass Energy
The efficiency of biomass energy production has lead to higher biomass and energy yields, thus reducing the need for vast areas of plantation and forrestation to be prioritised for growing biomass energy crops.
Over the recent years, interest in, and the use of, renewable energy has been growing fast due mainly to the serious problems associated with fossil fuel usage, such as their rapid depletion, effects on global warming and the environmental damage that their combustion creates. Many of the sources we class today as renewable energies, such as biomass, hydro power and wind power, have been used by humans for thousands of years and long before the fossil fuel era ever began.
We all know that fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum oil and natural gas have been, and still are, our major primary sources of energy as they supply over 80% of the worlds energy needs. But as the worlds population grows it is expected that our total energy consumption will significantly increase in the future so new and alternative energy sources are being developed.
Compared to traditional fossil fuels, renewable energy sources have many advantages and it is widely acknowledged that existing fossil fuel supplies should be replaced by alternative and renewable energy resources such as biomass, wind, solar and geothermal.
Most of these renewable energy sources originate directly or indirectly as a result of the solar radiation received from the sun. Also unlike fossil fuels, the sun’s solar radiation is distributed more uniformly and evenly around the Earth, plus their use has a lower environmental impact due mainly to the reduction of atmospheric CO2 emissions.
While there is a major advantage of using renewable energy sources over the combustion of conventional fossil fuels, a significant potential exists for all renewable energy sources in that sustainability far exceeds their current use.
Today, biomass, geothermal and hydro power are the three most widely used renewable energy sources with regards to their respective future potential with direct solar power and ocean energy showing the lowest ratio between current and potential use.
Renewable energy sources can therefore significantly supply the future global energy needs with Biomass dominating the current renewable energy usage being the world’s fourth largest energy resource, after oil, gas and coal.
While biomass crops have mainly been associated with traditional forms of use, such as cooking or as a heating fuel, in recent years biomass has been increasingly used and developed to produce modern forms of energy. Such as second generation biofuels for transport, pellets for electricity generation, plus a wide diversity of bio-chemicals and bio-materials.
Biomass Energy Crops
Biomass has always been and will continue to be used for food and animal feed purposes as well as a source of energy production. By definition, biomass is living and organic materials produced by plants (algae, crops and trees) by the process of photosynthesis and one of the main advantages and features of biomass is its renewability and neutral CO2 impact as the fundamental mechanism of photosynthesis involves only renewable resources: sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
The efficiency of biomass energy depends on how they can be converted into power, heat, fuel, and chemicals using a variety of thermochemical and biochemical methods. Biomass energy crops can be used to produce almost all of our commonly used energy carriers, and the large variety of biomass feedstocks and conversion methods makes biomass a versatile fuel.
Being a natural product created by Mother Nature, the efficiency of biomass production by photosynthesis is very low compared to other renewable sources, for example, photovoltaics. But biomass feedstocks are very diverse and originate from many different sources and as such are classified in a variety of different ways. Biomass feedstocks can therefore be classified as being either virgin crops, that are naturally grown dry land crops, and water based algae and aquatic crops, as well as waste biomass such as by-products and residues created from biomass processing.
Modern biomass usage includes the production of first-generation biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel), the generation of power and heat using compressed pellets and the co-firing of biomass with coal has been accompanied by several drawbacks, such as limitation of land usage and water in competition with food production. However, one way of improving the efficiency of biomass energy is to use waste biomass from food, organic waste, animal waste, agricultural waste and production wastes as an alternative feedstock for energy production.
The traditional use of biomass as firewood for heating and cooking still dominates the current consumption of biomass energy. The efficiency of biomass energy as a renewable energy source has resulted in second and third-generation feedstocks being developed in an attempt to reduce the food versus fuel debate that has negatively influenced the development and efficiency of biomass feedstocks.
The important properties of a biomass feedstock that determine its suitability for an efficient conversion process are the moisture content, quantity of organic matter, energy content and chemical composition. Naturally the moisture content of fresh biomass is typically quite high at around 50% for newly sawn green or wet wood, and 50–80% for green crops, such as sugar cane, rapeseed and maize. Obviously the moisture content is very high (more than 80%) for aquatic based biomass and liquid wastes. However, the moisture content in these wet biomass feedstocks can be reduced to just few percent by natural or thermal drying.
The living and organic part of biomass such as carbon, oxygen and hydrogen is present in a wide variety of plants, wood, and crop species and supplies the energy for all chemical and biochemical conversion processes.
The efficiency of biomass energy depends on its energy and water content as well as its chemical composition. Biomass feedstocks can have a lower heating value, (LHV) or a higher heating value, (HHV).
For most biomass feedstocks, a dry feedstock would have a high heating value as it contains less water and can easily be burnt. Whereas the lower values would correspond to aquatic and wet waste biomass. The chemical composition of a feedstock is also important for biochemical conversion processes, such as the production of biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel, etc.).
Note that the heating value of any biomass feedstock is the amount of thermal energy it releases when combusted. The burning of biomass as a fuel produces carbon dioxide and water. If the water is in a gaseous vapour state, the thermal heating value is referred to as a low heating value (LHV). If the water is in a liquid state, the heating value is referred to as a high heating value (HHV).
Biomass as a renewable energy source has many positive environmental impacts such as the reduction of harmful greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, less environmental pollution, and the saving of depletable fossil energy.
Biomass is completely carbon neutral as the carbon dioxide generated from the end use of its bioenergy, mainly combustion, is returned back to the biomass crops by photosynthesis. However, the transportation of biomass feedstocks by trucks, trains or ships requires the combustion of fossil fuels. Also during the biomass conversion process, additional fossil energy may be used as heat or electricity reducing the efficiency of biomass energy.
An accurate comparison between the costs and efficiency of bioenergy compared to conventional fossil energy is somewhat difficult as the biomass feedstocks, conversion processes and technologies are very different and diverse and therefore have very different costs and benefits. It is generally recognised that currently made bioenergy products are still more expensive than the equivalent fossil based ones.
However, some large production based biofuels, such as sugar cane ethanol, and the electricity and heat generated from waste biomass products are already becoming competitive with fossil energy as production costs decline.
Energy efficient biochemical conversion methods which use various enzymes and micro-organisms, such as bacteria and yeasts, for partial decomposition and the efficient conversion of sugars into ethanol, the production of methane or hydrogen-rich biogas by fermentation or digestion or the conversion of biomass feedstocks into other types of useful chemical compounds and materials are currently being developed.
Today, the availability and diversity of biomass feedstocks and their different conversion methods make biomass a versatile fuel. Biomass based feedstocks can be used to produce almost any type of energy carrier, not only the more traditional ones for heat and electricity but also a growing number of modern transportation fuels and chemicals. The efficiency of biomass energy will play an important role in the future energy pattern as second-generation transportation fuels such as methanol, ethanol and biodiesel become easier and cheaper to produce.
Efficiency of Biomass Energy Summary
We have seen here that biomass is a sustainable energy source that can easily replace the use of conventionally used fossil fuels while at the same time offering several positive environmental advantages. The efficiency of biomass energy into power, heat, transport fuels, and chemicals depends largely on the various thermochemical and biochemical methods used for its conversion.
The key features associated with biomass efficiency are its renewability and neutral CO2 impact. Moreover, biomass is the only truly renewable carbon source that provides energy storage unlike other sustainable energy forms, such as solar or wind who’s energy is produced at the time and needs to be stored in batteries.
Technological improvements and development has always been the driving force in the history of mankind. The main historical changes that have helped us improve our quality of life has been the use of tools, the agricultural revolution, and the industrial revolution.
Today the Renewable Energy revolution is under way with a variety of sources such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and biomass energy being developed. The key challenge is to develop energy efficient conversion processes and technologies that can compete with our use of fossil fuels and non are more important than those which deal with the efficiency of biomass energy.
It’s amazing how it can provide power, heat, and fuel while being renewable and carbon-neutral. Exciting times ahead for clean energy!
The author clearly has no idea what LHV and HHV are but poorly chose to blow false information out their *** anyway. LHV and HHV have nothing to do with what type of feedstock you use, whether aquatic or not. LHV, the Lower Heating Value, is simply the amount of energy you get if the outflow products (exhaust) are not returned to the initial (precombustion) temperature. HHV, the Higher Heating Value, includes the extra energy recovered by cooling the outflow back to the starting temperature (e.g. condensing exhaust water vapors back to liquid water). Read some basic science before trying to write about it.
The heating value of a biomass feedstock is the amount of thermal energy released when combusted and is usually expressed either as a lower heating value (LHV) or a higher heating value (HHV). The chosen heating value of the biomass feedstock assumes that any water vapour produced is either condensed into a liquid or not condensed as a vapour.
The lower heating value (LHV) is the heat released by combusting a biomass feedstock without recovering the heat lost and is a more accurate representation of the actual heat utilised during combustion. The higher heating value (HHV) is obtained by blending the feedstock with alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol in order to improved its combustion properties so that the latent heat of moisture in the combustion process can be recovered.
Then the difference between both heating values is due to various conditions regarding the amount of liquids (water) in the biomass combustion products that is either vapour (LHV) or liquid (HHV). The combustion efficiency of furnaces or boilers are conveniently given in terms of the higher heating value.
Thus, the most important biomass properties that determine the suitability of feedstocks for combustion are energy content, water content, and chemical composition. Thus the tutorial is correct as given.
No Dice. As written, the author’s understanding of LHV and HHV is off the mark. The article clearly and incorrectly implies that dry fuels have an HHV and wet fuels have an LHV. Although this by itself is actually true, it is misrepresentative and ignorant of the fact that any fuel, regardless of how dry or wet it is, has both an HHV and an LHV.
Supporting this opinion, this sentence is just wrong (all fuels have both LHV and HHV):
“Biomass feedstocks can have a lower heating value, (LHV) or a higher heating value, (HHV)”
…and, while the two sentences following the incorrect one above, through a hard stretch of literal interpretation, could be claimed true, their association with the preceding incorrect sentence makes them also just wrong, or, at the very least, an impressively poor and misleading choice of wording.
Although some might appreciate the inclusion of my previous comment and this one, I did not expect you would and personally would prefer instead, for scientific reasons, that you simply fix the article and maybe admonish the uncredited author for writing up false and misleading information.
Hi. This information was very useful for me
Thank you so much.